Jumper wires
M–M, M–F, F–F
Insulated wires with connectors on the ends. They connect ESP32 pins to breadboard holes and modules to each other.
Open the course →How it works
A male (M) end is a pin — it goes into a breadboard hole or a female connector. A female (F) end is a socket — it slides onto a module or ESP32 pin. For breadboard projects you mostly need M–M; for modules with pins (servo, HC-SR04, relay) you need M–F.
Pins and wiring
| Pin | What it is | Where it connects / why |
|---|---|---|
| M–M | male – male | Breadboard ↔ breadboard, breadboard ↔ ESP32 pin (when it is on the breadboard). |
| M–F | male – female | Breadboard ↔ module pin. The most universal. |
| F–F | female – female | Module ↔ module or module ↔ ESP32 pin directly, without a breadboard. |
Specifications
Length10 / 20 / 30 cm
Wire26–28 AWG
Coloursred (+), black (GND), yellow/green/blue (signal)
Tips and typical mistakes
- Colour convention: red = power, black = GND, the rest = signals. Stick to it and your mistakes become obvious.
- Cheap wires sometimes have a broken conductor inside — if something "mysteriously" fails, swap the wire.